“High precision is the mainstream trend of CNC machine tools” In the past 30 years, the worldwide machining center machine tool skills have been greatly expanded, and the development trend of machine tool skills has also shown diversified characteristics. For example, the trend of high precision, the trend of high-speed movement, the trend of multi-axis movement, the trend of high reliability, the trend of multi-functional composite, the trend of reconfiguration, the trend of low energy consumption and environmental protection, and the trend of intelligence, but among all the trends, the trend that can best represent the development of the main stream should be the trend of high precision and intelligence.” High precision is the main flow development trend of CNC machine tools, and the precision of hyperfine machining is an order of magnitude higher than that of fine machining. At present, China’s processing level also tends to be refined, the precision requirements are getting higher and higher, which is the result of the transformation of the consumer industry, so since the technology is so difficult, why do we continue to improve the precision of CNC machine tools? What is the significance of this?
In fact, the skill areas involved in hyperfine processing skills are very rich. In the research process of Beijing Machine Tool Research Institute for more than 30 years, for the related skills involved in hyfine machining skills, it can be summarized in 36 aspects of key frontier research and 11 leading core skills.
In the meantime, the key frontier research includes six aspects of design, moving parts, measurement analysis, process skills, host production skills and machine tool application conditions skills. Leading core skills cover: Fine hyperfine spindle key structure production skills, fine hyperfine linear moving parts key structure production skills, high resolution motion driving skills, machine tool key parts processing technology production skills, parts to resist external disturbance characteristics skills, high stability and fast linear motion structure and production skills, multi-motion axis machine tool nesting structure design skills, And the content of machine tool integrated production skills for the production of target parts.
In the process of developing the accuracy of the machine tool from the micron level to the nano level, there are three key skills that cannot be avoided, and these three skills are also the research threshold of the nano precision machine tool.
The first technology, is no hysteresis bearing technology, hysteresis phenomenon in the mechanical system many exist, hysteresis phenomenon not only seriously affect the machine tool slide movement positioning accuracy and repeated positioning accuracy, but also affect the high resolution of the movement, but also affect the precision of fine parts processing shape and surface roughness. The hydrostatic bearing skill can well deal with the phenomenon of mechanical hysteresis, and can homogenize geometric errors, and has many applications in ultra-fine machine tools.
Static pressure technology has advanced significantly over the past decade, and self-compensating feedback skills are much more sophisticated. With the saving skill of flow control, the stiffness of hydrostatic bearing has been greatly improved, and the hardness of data processed by ultra-fine machine tools has been continuously improved.
The second technology, respectively, is the high resolution drive skill and the micro oscillation processing skill in the machining center mechanical system. Nanoscale resolution is the characteristic expression of the function of hyperfine machine tools in recent decades, and there are many factors affecting the motion. At the same time, many experimental studies have found that oscillating signals in the order of 10 nanometers exist in many mechanical performance mechanisms, which interferes with the performance and measurement of mechanical sensitivity, and this oscillation is called micro-oscillation. “In-depth research on the mechanism of micro-oscillation and search for treatment ways are the only way for hyperfine machine tools to achieve nano precision.”
The application demand of hyperfine technology, the demand for large aperture aspherical optical elements is increasing day by day, but some of the high-tech optical processing equipment and skills of foreign countries are prohibited to our country. At present, the relevant scientific research work on the machining process of large-caliber aspherical parts in China has been carried out, but the proficiency is still low. Expect to have more mature technology in the future, once the long-standing domestic demand and foreign supply policy will no longer exist, we will continue to work hard, and strive to create a high precision standard of machine tools, for the cause of China’s machine tools!